❶ （古书上说的一种苦菜） a bitter edible plant ❷ （古书上指茅草的白花） the white flower of reeds, etc. ❸ （姓氏） a surname: ～ 恬 Tu Tian ◆荼毒 [书] afflict with great suffering; make suffer severely; torment; 荼毒生灵 plunge the people into the depths of suffering; abuse and oppress the people