fall

vt.
1. let fall,drop落下，放下，掉落。
△As.3.5.5: “Fallsnot the axe upon the humbled neck / But first begspardon.”在把斧头向低垂的颈项上劈下的时候，也要先说一声对不起。
△Mid.5.1.144 (142):“her mantle she didfall，”她掉下自己的披肩。
△R.III.1.2.183 (182)s.d.:“She falls the sword.” 她丢下剑。
△ R.III.5.3.135(134): “Tomorrow in the battle think on (i.e.thinkof) me,/ And fall thy edgeless sword.”明天在战斗中你要想想我，那么你那把钝剑就要从手里掉下来。
2. let fall. drop流下，滴落。
△Com.2.2.129 (125):“thou fall / A drop of water in the breaking gulf，”你把一滴水丢进了汹涌的海湾。
△Oth.4.1.257 (246):“Eachdrop she falls would prove a crocodile.”她流下的每滴眼泪就会变成一条鳄鱼。
△R.III.1.3.353 (352):“Your eyesdrop millstones,when fools’ eyes fall tears.”傻瓜的眼睛滴落的是泪珠，你们的眼睛滴落的是磨盘。
3. drop,give birth to （兽）生（崽），生下。
△Mer.1.3.89(88):“Fall parti-coloured lambs，”生下了杂色的小羊。
4. befall,happen to降临到，发生于。
△L.L.L.2.1.124:“Fair fall the face it covers!”愿幸运降临给它罩着的那张脸！
5. strike打击，侵袭。
△Lr.2.4.170(168):“To fall andblister her!”侵袭她，让她生满疥疮！ (按： blister her又作blast her pride.“摧毁她的骄傲”。)
～ vi.
1. drop落下。
△Mac.2.3.92 (85):“The repetition ina woman’s ear / Would murder as it fell.” (This un-conscious irony is a stroke of dramatic art.)这种叙述一落进妇女的耳朵就会变成杀人的凶器。
△Lr.1.1.146(144):“Let it fall rather.”让它落下来吧。（又译）射过来吧。
2. drop,come,get下降，至，到达。
△2H.VI.3.2.412:“This way fall I to death.”我从这条路走向死亡。
3. chance,come,begin偶然会，开始。
△Oth.3.3. 237:“May fall to match you with her country forms，”偶尔拿你和她本国人的漂亮外表做个比较。
4. come to be弄得。
△Tw.4.2.94(86): “Alas,sir,how fell you besides your five wits?” i.e. how do youcome to be out of your wits?唉，先生，你怎么会弄得失去你的理智（发疯）了呢？
5. turn out结果变成，原来是。
△Ham. 4.7.70:“It falls right. ”这倒正好。
6. begin,start开始，着手。
△Lr. 4. 6. 38 (37): “If I could bear it longer,and not fall / To quarrel with your great opposeless wills，”如果我能忍受得再长久一些，不立即跟你们那不可抗拒的伟大意志发生冲突。
7. befall,happen,come to pass 降临，发生，出现。
△Mer.1.2.95 (89): “An the worst fall that ever fell，”万一最不幸的事情发生。
△Mer.3.2. 203 (202):“as the matter falls；”随着事情的发生。
△1H.VI.2.1.58:“had your watch been good,/ This sudden mischief never could have fallen.”如果你们好生守卫，这一场突然的灾祸本来是绝不会发生的。
△R.III.5.1.16: “This is the day wherein I wished to fall / By the false faith of him whom most I trusted；”今天正是我曾希望发生的，在这一天我所最信赖的人对我背信弃义、翻脸无情。
△H .VIII.2.1.140:“yet I can give you inkling / Of an ensuing evil. if it fall,/ Greater than this.”但是我可以向你含糊透露一桩即将来临的祸事，它一旦发生，可比现在这件事严重得多。
8. befall,come to pass,(with a quibble on) give birth降临，发生，（双关）产生。
△H.VIII.3.2.50: “I persuade me,from her / Will fall some blessing to this land, which shall / In it be memorized.”我相信，她将会使得喜庆降临我们这片国土，使我国永记在人们心中。
9. sink into disrepute or adversity名声扫地，陷入厄运。
△H.VIII.2.1.121: “Yet thus far we are one in fortunes:both / Fell by our servants,by those men we loved most；”但是我们的命运在这一点上仍是相同的：我们两人都是因为我们的仆人、我们最亲信的人而遭到陷害。
△H.VIII2.1.166: “The Cardinal / Will have his will,and she must fall. ”红衣主教一意孤行，她一定要倒霉的。
10. be degenerated堕落。
△Mac.4.3.22:“Angels are bright still,though the brightest (i.e. Satan) fell.”天使仍然是光明的，虽然最光明的天使（指撒旦）堕落了。
11. ❶succumb to the enemy’s attack屈服于敌人的进攻。
❷lie down躺倒。
△3H.VI.3.2.24: “I fear her not, unless she chance to fall ”我才不为她发愁呢，除非她自己屈服(双关：躺倒)。
12. fail失败。
△1H.VI.2.5.90: “But as the rest,so fell that noble earl,/And was beheaded.”但是像其他人那样，那位高贵的伯爵也失败了并被斩首。
13. perish,fail覆灭，失败。
△2H.IV.4.4.95:“And, when they stand against you,may they fall / As those that I am come to tell you of. ”当他们起来反对你的时候，愿他们遭到覆灭，正像我要来告诉你的那些人们一样。
14. perish死去。
△H.VIII.2.1. 135: “And when you would say something that is sad,/ Speak how I fell.”以后你们什么时候想谈谈可悲的事情，就谈我是如何死去的吧。
15. fall away,shrink,become thin and lean消瘦，收缩，变得细瘦。
△H.V.5.2.166 (159): “a good leg will fall，” i.e. a well-shaped leg will lose its shape and become thin and lean. 漂亮的腿会消瘦。
Phrases&Expressions:
Fall,and cease: Let the heavens fall,and everything come to an end 让天塌下来，一切都同归于尽吧。
△Lr.5. 3266 (265):“Fall,and cease!”让天塌下来，一切都同归于尽吧！ (按：对于这句话，学者们有不同解释，这里是其中解释的一种。)
fall away: ❶shrink皱缩，变瘦。
△1H.IV.3.3.1:“Bardolph,am I not fallen away vilely since this last action (i.e. the Gadshill robbery)?”巴道夫，自从上次那桩买卖以来，我是不是瘦得多了？
❷shrink,forsake or leavea party退缩，抛弃一方，脱离一方。
△H. VIII. 2. 1. 127:“for those you make friends / And give your hearts to,when they once perceive / The least rub in your fortunes,fall away / Like water from ye，”因为你所当做好友而对之推心置腹的那些人，一旦看到你们的命运遭遇到一点点挫折，他们便像流水一样从你的身边退走。
fall down: come to grief失败。
△2H.IV. 4. 2. 44:“And though we here fall down,/ We have supplies to second our attempt: ”即使我们在这里失败了，我们还有增援军队来继续我们的努力。
fall foul: fall out,clash,come into conflict,quarrel闹翻，冲撞，冲突.争吵。
△2H. IV. 2. 4. 182 (169): “Shall we fall foul for toys?”难道我们一定要为了一些无聊事而闹翻吗？
fall from: ❶forsake,desert放弃，抛弃。
△Ado. 1. 1265 (255):“if ever thou dost fall from this faith，”如果有一天你放弃了这个信念。
△3H. VI. 3. 3. 208:“And as for Clarence,as my letters tell me,/ He’s very likely now to fall from him，”至于说克拉仑斯，据这信里告诉我，他现在很可能抛弃了他。
❷go against,act contrary to违反，逆…而行。
△Lr. 1. 2. 123 (110):“The King falls from bias of nature；”国王违反了他的慈爱本性。
fall in with: join with,be on friendly terms with与…联在一起，同…关系友好。
△2H. VI. 4. 2. 33 (30):“Come,come,let’s fall in with them.”来，来，我们也参加他们那伙吧。
△R。IlI.3.5. 49 (50):“I never looked for better at his hands / After he once fell in with Mistress Shore.” 自从他跟肖尔太太相好以来，我就料到他干不出什么好事来。
fall into: come within (the range of) 进入…（范围）之内。
△H. VIII. 3. 2. 329 (328):“Because all those thingsyou have done of late /By your power legative withinthis kingdom / Fall into the compass of a praemuni-re；”因为你最近利用身为教皇代表的权力在国内所做的一切事情已经构成侵犯（英国）国王权力之罪。
fall off: ❶step back,retire,withdraw退回，退下，离开。
△H.VIII.4.1.63: “havin g brought the Queen ╱ To a prepared place in the choir,fell off / A distance
from her；”簇拥着王后走到教堂圣坛前一个事先准备好的地方，然后就从她身边退后一段距离。
❷become detached,prove faithless分离，变得不忠实。
△Lr. 1. 2. 118 (106): “Love cools,friendship falls off，”爱情变得冷淡，友谊反目为仇。
△Gent. 5. 4. 113: “Inconstancy falls off ere it begins.”i. e. An inconstant man begins to be faithless even before he has declared his love. 爱情不专一的人在开始时即已不忠。
❸withdraw from allegiance,fail in loyalty,revolt撤消忠诚，不忠诚，反叛。
△1H. IV. 1. 3. 94:“He never did fall off,my sovereign liege，”他从来也没有反叛，最高的主上。 fall on: ❶make an attack,attack对…发动进攻，进攻。
△H.VIII.5.4.57 (5.3. 53): “They fell on,I made good my place；”他们进攻，我坚守阵地。
❷become the share of,be enjoyed by,become the prey of成为…的一份，归…享有，成为…的战利品。
△1H. IV. 5. 4. 31: “I have two boys / Seek (i. e. who seek) Percy and thyself about the field; / But seeing thou fall’ st on me so luckily,/ I will assay thee,and defend thyself. ”我有两个孩子，他们正在战场上到处寻找波西和你；但是既然幸好你落到我手里，我就来对你考验一番，你好好招架吧。
fall out: ❶happen,take place,befall发生，降临。
△Ado. 4. 1. 219 (217):“it so falls out”，i.e. It always so happens. 事情往往如此。
△Ham. 2. 2. 127: “As theyfell out by time,by means,and place，” i.e. as theytook place,at various times,in various ways andplaces.按照它们发生的时间、方式、地点。
△Ham. 3. 1. 16:“Madam,it so fell out that certain players / Weo’erraught on the way；”娘娘，我们在路上恰巧遇上了一班戏子。
△Oth. 4. 2. 242 (236): “which I will fashion to
fall out between twelve and one，” 我可以设法安排在12点到1点之间。
△1H.VI. 2. 3. 4:“If all things fall outright,/ I shall as famous be by this exploit / AsScythian Tomyris by Cyrus’ death.” 只要一切事情顺利发生，我就要因为这一壮举而像杀死居鲁士的西徐亚王后陶米莉斯那样出名了。
△R.III. 3. 2. 64: “And so falls it out / With Rivers. Vaughan,Grey；” 这样的事正发生在利佛斯、伏安、葛雷身上。
❷fall at odds,quarrel 争执，争吵。
△Ham. 2.1. 59 (57): “There falling out at tennis:” i.e. quarreling over a game of tennis.在那里因为打网球而吵架。
△ Lr. 2. 2. 91 (86):“How fell you out? say that.”你们怎样争吵起来的？ 说说吧。
△ Rom. 3. 1. 29 (27):“fallout with a tailor”，和一个裁缝争吵。
△R.III. 1. 3. 158(157): “Hear me,you wrangling pirates,that fallout/In sharing that which you have pilled from me!”听我说，你们这些争吵不休的海盗，你们因为瓜分从我这里抢夺去的东西而互相倾轧！fall out with: refuse; become angry with 拒绝；对…发脾气。
△Rom. 1. 3. 32:“To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug !”看她发起脾气来，把奶头摔开了！
fall pat:happen exactly 发生的事恰恰如此。
△ Mid.5.1. 188 (186): “You shall see it will fall pat as I told you.” 你们看吧，下面的事正跟我说的丝毫不差。
fall to: ❶ begin,get into 开始，进入。
△ 2H. IV. 2. 4. 60(55):“you two never meet but (i.e. that not) you fallto some discord.”你们两个一见面就要吵架。
△ R.III. 1. 4.158 (153): “Come,shall we fall to work?”来，我们动起手来吧？
△Ham.2. 1. 90 (87):“He falls to such perusal of my face / As 'a( = he) would draw it.”他开始细细打量我的脸，好像要把它画下来。
❷become the share of,partake of 归…享有，分享。
△Ham.1. 1. 95:“His fell toHamlet.”他的领土都输给了哈姆雷特。
△Shr. 1. 1. 37:“The mathematics,and the metaphysics,/ Fall to them as you find your stomach serves you.” 数学和玄学，在你有兴致的时候也不妨钻研。
❸ apply oneself to,setto (esp. eating or fighting),begin eating,help your-self 开始干（尤指吃或打），开始吃，请吧。
△H.V. 5. 1. 38(37):“I pray you fall to；” 我请求你快吃吧。
△ As. 2. 7.171:“Welcome,fall to.”欢迎，请用吧。 fall to oneself: regain self-control,recover self-pos-session 恢复自制，恢复镇定。
△ H. VlII. 2. 1. 35: “But he fell to himself again,and sweetly / In all the restshowed a most noble patience.” 但是他随即恢复了镇定，以后就很文雅地表现出一种极其高贵的忍耐态度。